Hydrocephalus

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 Hydrocephalus refers to the build-up of fluid in the cavities (ventricles) deep within the brain. The excess fluid increases the size of ventricles and puts pressure on the brain.

Cerebrospinal fluid usually flows through the ventricles and bathes the brain and spinal column. But the pressure of too much cerebrospinal fluid associated with hydrocephalus can damage brain tissues and can cause a range of brain function problems.


Hydrocephalus can happen at any age, but it occurs more frequently among infants and adults of 60 and over. Surgical treatment of this condition can restore and maintain normal cerebrospinal fluid levels in the brain. Different therapies might be required to manage symptoms or problems resulting from hydrocephalus.


The signs and symptoms of this condition differ somewhat by age of onset.


Common signs and symptoms may include-


For Infants:


Changes in the head may include:

  1. An unusually large head

  2. A rapid increase in the size of the head

  3. A bulging or tense soft spot on the top of the head.


Physical signs can include-

  1. Nausea and vomiting

  2. Irritability

  3. Poor eating 

  4. Seizures

  5. Eyes fixed downwards, also known as the sunsetting of eyes

  6. Muscle tone and strength problems


For Toddlers and children


Physical signs can include-

  1. Headache

  2. Blurred or double vision

  3. Abnormal eye movements

  4. Abnormal enlargement of a toddler’s head

  5. Sleepiness or sluggishness

  6. Nausea or vomiting

  7. Unstable balance

  8. Poor coordination

  9. Poor appetite

  10. Loss of bladder control and/or frequent urination


Behavioural and cognitive changes may include:

  1. Irritability

  2. Change in personality

  3. Decline in academic performance

  4. Delays or problems with previously acquired skills, such as walking or talking.




When to seek help-

If you notice the following symptoms with your infants and toddlers it is best to consult a specialist immediately:

  1. A high-pitched cry

  2. Problems with sucking or feeding

  3. Unexplained, recurring vomiting

  4. Seizures



A senior neurosurgeon of international repute with excellent management skills and one of the Best Neurosurgeons in Kolkata, Dr. Kaushik Sil has over 16 years of experience in treating complex Brain and Spine problems like brain tumours, spinal disc prolapse, brain stroke, subdural hematoma, spinal deformity with a special interest in childhood neurosurgical problems like hydrocephalus and spinal birth defects. His simple guidance and high success in treatment rates is immaculate. 


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