IMMUNOTHERAPY

 Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that helps the immune system fight cancer. The immune system helps the body fight infections and other illnesses. It is composed of white blood cells and lymphoid organs and tissues.

Immunotherapy is a type of biological therapy. Biologic therapy is a type of treatment that uses substances of biological origin to treat cancer. How does immunotherapy work against cancer?

As part of its normal function, the immune system recognizes and destroys abnormal cells, most likely to prevent or slow the growth of many types of cancer. These cells, called tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), indicate that the immune system is responding to tumors. People whose tumors contain TILs often do better than those whose tumors do not contain TILs. Although the immune system can prevent or slow cancer growth, cancer cells have ways to avoid destruction by the immune system. For example, cancer cells can: 

• There is a genetic change that makes it less visible to the immune system.

• It has proteins on its surface that turn off immune cells.

• It modifies normal cells that surround a tumor so that it prevents the immune system from responding to cancer cells.

• Immunotherapy helps the immune system fight cancer better. Different types of immunotherapy are used to treat cancer. These include:

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are drugs that block immune checkpoints. These checkpoints are a normal part of the immune system and prevent the immune response from becoming too strong. By blocking them, these drugs make immune cells more responsive to cancer.

T-cell transplantation therapy is a treatment that enhances the natural ability of T cells to fight cancer. In this treatment, immune cells are harvested from the tumor. The most active against cancer are selected or modified in the lab to attack cancer cells more, grow in larger numbers, and are injected back into the body through intravenous needles.

Monoclonal antibodies, laboratory-made immune system proteins designed to bind to specific targets in cancer cells. Some monoclonal antibodies mark cancer cells to improve their recognition and destruction by the immune system. Such monoclonal antibodies are a type of immunotherapy.

A therapeutic vaccine that fights cancer by boosting the immune system's response to cancer cells. Therapeutic vaccines are different from vaccines that help prevent disease. An immune system modulator that boosts the body's immune response to cancer. Some of these drugs affect specific parts of the immune system, while others affect the immune system as a whole.

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