GENITOURINARY MALIGNANCY

 

The cancer of the urinary system of men and women as well as the reproductive organs of men are known as genitourinary cancer. The reproductive organs cancer in women is known as gynecologic cancer.

Urinary cancers are the ones that form when abnormal cells grow in the prostate, bladder, kidney, adrenal gland, urethra or other parts of the urinary tract system.

Most bladder cancers (90-95 %) begin in the cells of the inner lining of the bladder. These cancers are known as urothelial carcinoma or transitional cell carcinomas.

About 75% of transitional cell bladder cancers are nonmuscle invasive at the time of diagnosis. The remaining 25% however, invade the muscle and require more complicated treatment. 

Even though it is commonly referred to as bladder cancer, invasive urothelial cell cancer can be found not only in the bladder but also in related organs such as kidneys, ureters and urethra.

Other types of bladder cancer are rare (less than 10%) and includes:

• Squamous cell carcinoma 

• Adenocarcinoma 

• Small-cell carcinoma

• Micropapillary bladder cancer

• Plasmacytoid bladder cancer

• As for symptoms, they are the same as other problems and may not necessarily mean it is cancer.  The most common symptom of bladder cancer is blood (a rusty, red or pink hue) or blood clot (dark particles) in your urine. It would be wise to get yourself checked if you experience this.

Other symptoms may include, but not limited to:

• Frequent urination

• Needing to urinate but not being able oto

• Pain during urination

• Pain on one side of your lower back.

TREATMENT

The majority of GU cancers can be treated with surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. Depending on the type of GU cancer you have, other treatments may be available.

• Surgery - Surgery is a treatment option for many people with GU cancer. Based on your diagnosis, your doctor will talk to you about your options. Our specialists will work with you to assist you with settling on the most ideal choice for yourself.

• Radiation therapy - Cancer cells are destroyed by radiation during radiation therapy. It may be able to stop cancer from coming back by destroying the DNA in the cells. A lot of people who have GU cancer will be told that they should get radiation therapy before or after surgery. Your treatment plan and progress will be planned and followed by our radiation oncologists, who have extensive experience with advanced radiation treatments for GU cancer. For 4-6 weeks, radiation is typically administered once per day, five days per week.

Chemotherapy - Anticancer medications given intravenously are used in chemotherapy to eradicate cancer cells that may be present in your bloodstream. After surgery, chemotherapy may be administered to lessen the likelihood of cancer returning to organs other than the primary site. Your treatment options and potential side effects will be discussed during a meeting with our medical oncologists, who will also monitor your progress throughout treatment. So that you don't have to travel as much during therapy, we try to schedule treatment at outreach centres that are closest to where you live whenever possible.

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