THYROID CANCER- Types

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The cancer develops in thyroid gland cells, the gland located in the neck below Adam's apple like a shape of butterfly. This disease mainly causes discomfort in swallowing hoarseness, swollen lymph nodes around the neck area and or lump on the neck. The disease mainly shows among females the age between 30 to 50 years. The disease occurred mainly due to genetic issues. 


There are five main types of thyroid cancer. These are 


  • Papillary thyroid cancer: Papillary thyroid cancer develops from follicular cells and usually grows slowly. It is the most common type of thyroid cancer. It is usually found in 1 lobe. About 10% to 20% of papillary thyroid cancer appears in both lobes. 

  • Follicular thyroid cancer: Follicular thyroid cancer also develops from follicular cells and usually grows slowly. Follicular thyroid cancer is also a differentiated thyroid cancer, but it is far less common than papillary thyroid cancer.

  • Hurthle cell cancer: Hurthle cell cancer, also called Hurthle cell carcinoma, is cancer that arises from a certain type of follicular cell. Hurthle cell cancers are much more likely to spread to lymph nodes than other follicular thyroid cancers.

  • Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC): MTC develops in the C cells and is sometimes the result of a genetic syndrome called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2). This tumor has very little, if any, similarity to normal thyroid tissue.

  • Anaplastic thyroid cancer: This type is rare, accounting for about 1% of thyroid cancer. It is a fast-growing, poorly differentiated thyroid cancer that may start from differentiated thyroid cancer or a benign thyroid tumor.



Papillary is the most common type. The four types differ in how aggressive they are.


Dr. Suvro Ganguly is one of the best Surgeons in Kolkata in the Department of Oncosurgery with special interest in Coloproctology. He joined Apollo Gleneagles Hospital in December 2018 and is practicing as a Surgeon in the Department of Oncosurgery with special interest in Coloproctology. He specializes in colorectal surgery, cancer surgery, advanced laparoscopy, advanced GI surgery and laser proctology.

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