Myoclonic Seizures

 

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A myoclonic (MY-o-KLON-ik) seizure is characterized by brief, shock-like jerks of one or more muscles. "Myo" refers to a muscle, and "clonus" (KLOH-nus) refers to a muscle's rapid alternating contraction and relaxation, also known as jerking or twitching. They typically last no longer than a second or two. There may only be one, but occasionally several will occur simultaneously. Myoclonus can occur in hiccups or as a sudden jerk that can wake you up as you're falling asleep, even in people who don't have epilepsy. These are common occurrences.

They occur in a variety of epilepsy syndromes that have different characteristics:

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: The neck, shoulders, and upper arms are typically affected by the seizures.Seizures frequently strike a large number of patients shortly after awakening. In people with a normal range of intelligence, they typically begin during puberty or early adulthood. These seizures can typically be effectively controlled with medication, but treatment must continue throughout life.

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: This rare syndrome typically involves additional types of seizures. It begins when a child is young. Most of the time, the face, upper arms, neck, and shoulders are affected by myoclonic seizures. They can be quite powerful and hard to control.

Progressive myoclonic epilepsy: Myoclonic and tonic-clonic seizures are combined in the rare syndromes in this group. As the patient gets worse over time, treatment is rarely effective for long. 

Myoclonic seizures can occur at any age, but they are most common in epileptic syndromes that begin in infancy. The particular syndrome determines other characteristics. The person typically continues doing whatever they were doing prior to and during the myoclonic seizure. They are awake and have clear thoughts. Because of this seizure, no first aid is required.

The seizures themselves are easy to identify. The syndromes usually can be diagnosed on the basis of the medical history and often an EEG test. There are several medicines that can help prevent myoclonic seizures. Myoclonic seizures often respond well to the appropriate medicine.

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