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A kind of radiation is stereotactic radiosurgery . When this method is conducted on the body rather than the brain, it is known as stereotactic body radiation (SBRT) or stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR). To treat cancers and other diseases across the body, the treatment employs a large number of carefully targeted radiation beams. SBRT is used to treat cancers that have spread to the lungs, spine, liver, neck, lymph nodes, or other soft tissues. TYPES OF STEREOTACTIC SURGERY  Linear accelerator (LINAC) equipment treats malignant and noncancerous disorders in the brain and other regions of the body with X-rays (photons). LINAC machines are also known by their manufacturer's brand names, such as CyberKnife and TrueBeam. For bigger tumours, these devices may conduct SRS in a single session or across two to five sessions (fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy). Proton beam (charged particle) therapy is the most recent kind of stereotactic radiation and is only offered in a few...

  Arrhythmia surgery is a medical procedure performed to treat irregular heartbeats, also known as arrhythmias. These abnormal heart rhythms can cause symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath, and even chest pain. If left untreated, they can lead to serious complications, such as stroke or heart failure. Arrhythmia surgery is usually recommended when medication and other non-invasive treatments fail to control the irregular heartbeats. The procedure involves the use of various techniques to destroy or modify the abnormal electrical pathways in the heart. Some of the techniques used in arrhythmia surgery include catheter ablation, maze procedure, and implantable devices such as pacemakers and defibrillators. Catheter ablation is a minimally invasive procedure in which a thin, flexible tube (catheter) is inserted through a vein in the groin and threaded up to the heart. Once in the heart, the catheter is used to deliver energy (such as radiofrequency or cryotherapy)...

When cells in the prostate gland begin to grow out of control, prostate cancer develops. Only males have a gland called the prostate. It produces a portion of the fluid that makes up semen. The prostate is located in front of the rectum, which is the last part of the intestines. It is below the bladder, which is a hollow organ that stores urine. You typically do not need to make treatment decisions in a hurry because the majority of prostate cancers are discovered in their early stages, when they are growing slowly. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of all your treatment options, as well as when treatment should begin, during this time. This conversation ought to likewise address the present status of the disease: Whether you have symptoms or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are rising rapidly Whether the cancer has spread to the bones Your health history Your quality of life Your current urinary and sexual function Any other medical conditions you may have In spi...

A cancer type is multiple myeloma which develops in a type of white blood cell known as a plasma cell. Healthy plasma cells produce antibodies that bind to and destroy bacteria, assisting your body in fighting illnesses. Cancerous plasma cells build up in the bone marrow and crowd out healthy blood cells in multiple myeloma. Cancer cells create aberrant proteins that can lead to difficulties rather than beneficial antibodies. It's not usually necessary to start multiple myeloma treatments straight away. Your doctor might advise diligent monitoring rather than starting treatment right away if the multiple myeloma is slowly progressing and not causing any symptoms. There are several alternatives to help control the disease for those with multiple myeloma who need treatment. SYMPTOMS The symptoms can be included: Especially in your spine or chest, bone pain Nausea Constipation Reduced appetite Perplexity or haziness of the mind Fatigue Many infections Loss of weight Leg trembling or n...

Heart valve surgery is a medical procedure that repairs or replaces damaged heart valves. The surgery can be done through traditional open-heart surgery or minimally invasive techniques. It is a common treatment for valve disorders such as valve stenosis or regurgitation. Proper post-operative care and lifestyle changes are necessary for a successful recovery. Why is it done ? Heart valve surgery is done to treat valve disorders that affect the proper functioning of the heart. Here are some common reasons why this surgery is done: Valve stenosis: This is a condition where the valve becomes narrow and obstructs blood flow, leading to symptoms such as chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Heart valve surgery can widen the valve opening or replace the valve with an artificial one. Valve regurgitation: This is a condition where the valve doesn't close properly, causing blood to leak backward into the heart. This can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and hea...

  Prevention Prevention of kidney stones may include a combination of lifestyle changes and medications. Lifestyle changes You may reduce your risk of kidney stones if you: Drink water throughout the day: Doctors typically advise people who have a history of kidney stones to drink enough fluids to pass approximately 2.1 quarts (2 litres) of urine each day. In order to ensure that you are drinking enough water, your doctor may ask you to take a urine sample. If you exercise frequently or live in a hot, dry climate, you may need to drink even more water to make enough urine. If your urine is light and clear, you probably have enough water in your body. Eat fewer oxalate-rich foods: Your doctor may advise you to avoid foods high in oxalates if you have a tendency to form calcium oxalate stones. Beets, rhubarb, okra, spinach, Swiss chard, sweet potatoes, nuts, tea, chocolate, black pepper, and products made from soy are among these. Choose a diet low in animal protein and salt: Choose...

A protein known as prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, is produced by both benign and cancerous prostate gland cells. The PSA test determines the blood level of PSA. A blood sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis for this test. Typically, the results are expressed as ng/mL (nanograms of PSA per milliliter) of blood. The PSA test was first approved by the FDA in 1986 to monitor the progression of prostate cancer in men who had already been diagnosed with the disease. People with prostate cancer frequently have an elevated PSA level in their blood. The PSA test was approved by the FDA in 1994 to be used with a digital rectal exam (DRE) to help men over 50 detect prostate cancer. Until about 2008, many medical professionals and professional organizations recommended starting a PSA screening every year at age 50 for prostate cancer. In order to assist in determining the nature of the issue, health care providers frequently use PSA testing in conjunction with a DRE in patients who repor...