Upper gastrointestinal (GI) surgery

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Upper gastrointestinal (GI) surgery is surgery performed to treat pathologies of either the upper gastrointestinal tract (small bowel), gall bladder, liver, pancreas or oesophagus. The upper gastrointestinal (GI) includes the oesophagus (the food pipe), the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) and stomach.


Esophagectomy surgery is used to remove tumors from the esophagus. This surgery may remove part or all of the esophagus. Gastrectomy surgery is used to treat stomach tumors. Abdominal surgery involves complete or partial removal of the abdomen and nearby lymph nodes. Minimally invasive surgery is a type of surgery that is performed through small incisions using small, thin instruments. 

Surgical procedures may be used to remove tumors of the stomach and esophagus. If a patient experiences symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and acid reflux, their doctor may recommend an upper gastrointestinal tract exam. The doctor may recommend surgery. The condition is first evaluated with diagnostic techniques to find underlying conditions.


Symptoms that may prompt someone to consider whether upper gastrointestinal (GI) surgery is right for them may include:


  • Stomach inflammation

  • Gastritis or duodenum


Helicobacter pylori infection Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition that affects the motility (ability to move) and the function of the esophagus. Ulcers are another disease that can affect the motility and function of the esophagus.


The symptoms you are experiencing may be caused by a tumor in your stomach or esophagus. Cancer treatment and management depends on the location and stage of the cancer. Surgery may be required.


Preparing for Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery


There are several diagnostic procedures for evaluating conditions that may require upper gastrointestinal surgery as treatment.


  • Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, a procedure used to diagnose and treat certain diseases or problems of the upper gastrointestinal tract. It uses a special instrument with a laser attachment and a camera.


  • An esophageal pH measurement measures how often stomach acid enters the esophagus. It is most commonly used to diagnose gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).


  • Esophageal manometry assesses the function of the sphincter, the muscle at the bottom of the esophagus. These diagnostic techniques can be used to assess upper gastrointestinal symptoms. For example:


  • difficulty swallowing

  • stomach pain

  • Benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous) tumors.


Upper gastrointestinal surgery aftercare


Patients after upper gastrointestinal surgery may need someone to help with heavier chores such as grocery shopping, gardening, and vacuuming for several weeks.



Some patients feel safer with or with relatives or friends. Patients are often encouraged to exercise regularly and daily to stay active. This reduces the risk of blood clots forming in your legs.





Advanced Gl surgey refers to advanced and complicated gastrointestinal tract surgeries that need novel and innovative solutions. These involve complex problems outside Cholecystectomies appendectomies or other common procedures that form day-to-day bulk of regular surgical procedures and practice. 


Dr. Suvro Ganguly is one of the best Surgeons in Kolkata in the Department of Oncosurgery with special interest in Coloproctology. He joined Apollo Gleneagles Hospital in December 2018 and is practicing as a Surgeon in the Department of Oncosurgery with special interest in Coloproctology. He specializes in colorectal surgery, cancer surgery, advanced laparoscopy, advanced GI surgery and laser proctology.

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