Kidney Stone- Part 2

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 Treatment


Treatment for kidney stones varies, depending on the type of stone and the cause.


Small stones with minimal symptoms


Most small kidney stones won't require invasive treatment. You may be able to pass a small stone by:


  • Drinking water: Your urine will be less concentrated and less likely to contain stones if you drink as much as 2 to 3 quarts (1.8 to 3.6 liters) per day. Drink enough fluid, ideally mostly water, to produce clear or nearly clear urine unless your doctor tells you otherwise.

  • Pain Relievers: A small stone can be uncomfortable to pass. For mild pain relief, your doctor may recommend pain relievers such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or naproxen sodium (Aleve).

  • Medical therapy: To help you get rid of your kidney stone, your doctor may prescribe medication. An alpha blocker is a medication that helps you pass a kidney stone more quickly and with less pain by relaxing the muscles in your ureter. Examples of alpha blockers include tamsulosin (Flomax) and the drug combination dutasteride and tamsulosin (Jalyn).



Large stones and those that cause symptoms


More extensive treatment may be required for kidney stones that are too large to pass on their own, cause bleeding, damage to the kidney, or persistent infections of the urinary tract. 



Procedures may include: 


Using sound waves to break up stones: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a procedure that your doctor may recommend for certain kidney stones, depending on their size and location.


Strong vibrations known as shock waves are produced by ESWL, which uses sound waves to break up the stones into small pieces that can be passed through your urine. Sedation or light anesthesia may be administered to ensure your comfort during the procedure, which can take anywhere from 45 to 60 minutes and can cause moderate pain.


As the stone fragments travel through the urinary tract, ESWL can result in blood in the urine, bruising on the back or abdomen, bleeding around the kidney and other adjacent organs, and discomfort.


Surgery to remove very large stones in the kidney: A procedure known as percutaneous nephrolithotomy involves using small telescopes and instruments inserted through a small incision in your back to remove a kidney stone surgically.


During the surgery, you will be under general anesthesia, and you will stay in the hospital for one to two days to recover. If ESWL fails, your doctor may suggest this surgery.


Using a scope to remove stones: Your doctor may use a thin, lighted tube known as an ureteroscope, which has a camera, to pass through your urethra and bladder to your ureter in order to remove a smaller stone from your kidney or ureter.


Special tools can snare or break the stone into pieces that will pass through your urine once it is located. A small tube known as a stent may then be inserted into the ureter by your doctor to reduce swelling and speed up healing. During this procedure, you might need general or local anesthesia.


Parathyroid gland surgery: Overactive parathyroid glands, which are situated on the four corners of your thyroid gland, just below your Adam's apple, are the cause of some calcium phosphate stones. Hyperparathyroidism, in which these glands produce too much parathyroid hormone, can lead to high calcium levels and kidney stones.


A benign, small tumor in one of your parathyroid glands or another condition that causes these glands to produce more parathyroid hormone can lead to hyperparathyroidism. Kidney stones are prevented from forming when the growth is removed from the gland. Alternatively, your physician may suggest treating the condition that is causing your parathyroid gland to produce too much of the hormone.




Dr. Amit Ghosh is one of the best urologist and robotics uro-surgeon in Kolkata. After his return from the UK, he has been associated with various institutions including Wockhardt Hospital and Kidney Institute, Woodlands Hospital, Kothari Medical Center and Anandalok Hospital. Currently he is dedicated to his service to Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata. Currently he has developed a very well established and robust Urological presence in the campus of Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata. The practice takes care of all fundamental general Urological procedures, a vast multi-disciplinary Uro Oncology specialty, and also a comprehensive diagnostic and uro health check-up facility.

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