Coronary artery bypass surgery

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 What is coronary artery bypass surgery?

Coronary artery bypass surgery, also known as CABG, is a surgical procedure that aims to improve blood flow to the heart. This is done by creating a bypass around clogged or narrowed sections of the coronary arteries, which are the blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle. During the surgery, a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body, usually the leg or chest, is used to create the bypass. CABG is typically recommended for people with severe coronary artery disease or blockages that cannot be treated with other methods such as medication or angioplasty. The procedure can help relieve symptoms like chest pain and reduce the risk of a heart attack.


Why is it done?

Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) is a procedure used to treat coronary artery disease (CAD), a condition in which the arteries that supply blood to the heart become blocked or narrowed due to the buildup of plaque. CABG is often recommended when other treatments, such as medication or lifestyle changes, are not effective in relieving the symptoms of CAD or when the blockages are severe enough to increase the risk of a heart attack.

During CABG, a surgeon takes a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body, such as the chest or leg, and uses it to bypass the blocked or narrowed section of the coronary artery. This allows blood to flow around the blockage, improving blood flow and reducing the risk of a heart attack.

CABG can also be used to treat other heart conditions, such as valve disease or congenital heart defects, but it is most commonly used to treat CAD. The decision to undergo CABG is typically made by a cardiologist or cardiac surgeon in consultation with the patient based on their individual medical history and symptoms.

Process:
Coronary artery bypass surgery is a surgical procedure used to treat coronary artery disease, which is a condition where the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients become narrowed or blocked. During the surgery, the surgeon takes a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body and uses it to bypass the blocked or narrowed portion of the coronary artery. This creates a new pathway for blood to flow to the heart muscle. The surgery is typically performed under general anaesthesia and can take several hours. After the surgery, patients are closely monitored in the hospital and may require several weeks of recovery before returning to normal activities.


Risk factors:

Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) is a major surgical procedure that is used to treat blockages in the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle. As with any surgical procedure, there are risks involved. Some of the risk factors of CABG include:

  1. Age: Older patients are at a higher risk of complications during and after surgery.

  2. Obesity: Patients who are overweight or obese are at a higher risk of developing complications during surgery and may take longer to recover.

  3. Smoking: Smoking is a risk factor for many health conditions, including heart disease. Smokers who undergo CABG are at a higher risk of complications.

  4. Diabetes: Patients with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing complications during and after surgery.

  5. High blood pressure: Patients with high blood pressure are at a higher risk of developing complications during and after surgery.

  6. Previous heart surgery: Patients who have had previous heart surgery are at a higher risk of developing complications during and after CABG.

  7. Lung disease: Patients with lung disease are at a higher risk of developing complications during and after surgery.

  8. Kidney disease: Patients with kidney disease are at a higher risk of developing complications during and after surgery.

  9. Peripheral arterial disease: Patients with peripheral arterial disease are at a higher risk of developing complications during and after surgery.

  10. Neurological disease: Patients with neurological disease are at a higher risk of developing complications during and after surgery.

Accounting for complete experience and practice, Dr. Aritra Konar is a Consultant Interventional Cardiologist at Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata. He has been deemed one of the best cardiologists and heart surgeons in Kolkata for his expertise lies in Coronary (femoral & radial routes) angiography, Coronary angioplasty (including primary angioplasty), Peripheral angiography and angioplasty, Permanent pacemaker, ICD, CRT implantation, BMV, BPV, Right heart catheterization and so on, in procedural skills. His guidance is trusted and so are his skills. 



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